1862 July 5 Chapel Hill, N.C.

[from the diary of Eliza Oswald Hill,  refugee from Wilmington, N.C.]

Saturday 5th  Still too cold for the season–But bright & very clear–I received
a letter from Sarah this morning postmarked Wilmington & supposing she
had sent t on to be mailed there by some friend I laid it down until I
was ready to open it–What a surprize then met my eye to hear she
was there herself with her mother & child–on her way to this place.
They thought it adviseable to leave Mississippi–& not liking to keep
William in Wilmington thro the summer–Much to my gratifica
tion & joy they have selected Chapel Hill to come to–& have written to
get rooms here at the Hotel–Cousin Sally Landon has just driven
up in the Hack to say goodbye–She has gone to Mrs Wooster in her
affliction, & from there will go to the Hillsboro’ to be with the DeRossett
family under their overwhelming trouble–I was glad to hear from
Judge Person of Captain Wm DeRosetts safety as it was report
ed he was killed–I wish sincerely I could hear from Tom’s self
I have answered Sarah’s letter & told her she can get rooms–But they are
so common looking–& so poorly furnished I am afraid she
wont be satisfied–No papers from Richmond this morning–The Wilmingtoon
Journal contains nothing new—

MSS 6960

1862 July 4 Camp near New Bern, N.C.

[from the diary of Jesse Calvin Spaulding, Co. F, 25th Massachusetts]

Friday}  Went up to the surgeon, but he
July 4}  did not give me anything only
marked me for quarters.  We had roast beef
and plum pudding and lemonade for dinner
The bells of Newbern were rung and salutes
fired.  In the evening they had a big bonfire
and the band played.

MSS 11293

862 July 4 Fauquier County, Va.

[from the diary of Anne Madison Willis Ambler]

Friday July 4, 1862
We left P[rospect] H[ill] quite early, came by Orleans to finish
our purchases and called at Edgeworth and are
again home.  She Cousin Rebecca was so polite to us
that I regret that we did not spend the day with her.
-she insisted on us dong so- had some delightful
wax cherries cousin James had brought her.  We
found him there. But he soon left the room
noticed Jacque very affectionately- I am so
glad that Tom behaved well during his visit.  He
didn’t cry or disobey me while we were gone –so
I am encouraged in the good work of training
him to obey me=I was sorry to see that Beck
is an overindulgent mother.
Found Uncle Cary & Cousin John of Mr. B[lanc] here
to dinner– Uncle C paid me 7 $ for 5 lbs of tea.
–My head ached slightly after my ride & I took
a nap–Uncle Cary is not as hopeful as
we are about the news.  He fears they may
seek protection under the fire of their gun
boats–  We heard that Jackson had cut them
off & they could not get to them–  All we
can do is to hope for the best & patiently
wait to hear.  “God give us the
victory over our enemies”-

transcribed by her granddaughter Anne Madison Wright Baylor in 1972

MSS 15406

1862 July 4 near Richmond, Va.

                                          Camp near Richmond
                                               July 4th 1862—
            I returned here last night my darling wife
and found two letters from you for which I thank
you most truly & sincerely.  Our Regiment has
been in New Kent some twenty five miles
below Richmond, & returned from there yes-
terday. The papers will give you an account
of the triumphs vouchsafed to our arms by God in
the late battles around Richmond.  He has
mercifully protected me.  You can form no
idea of the amount of property destroyed & left
by the Yankees in their retreat.  I passed through
some of their abandoned camps yesterday.  They
left their tents standing & the ground is
strewn with blankets, clothes &c.  I picked
up two most excellent blankets, strapped them
behind my saddle & brought them to Simon.
                    So soon as I can find time I will
write you a long reply to your letters.  I was
much rejoiced to hear of the repentance of Willie
for his conduct in playing truant from school
Give my love to him.  Kiss him for me, & tell him
never to act or speak an untruth, and always, under

[page 2]
all circumstances, to discharge his duty no
matter what the cost or difficulty may be.  Tell
him further not to listen to other boys when they
would persuade him to do wrong.——
                Our loss in killed & wounded in
the late battles has been very large: our
whole land will be in mourning.  I pray God
to console the bereaved hearts & to train the
charities of all our people upon those
whose earthly protectors have been taken
from them.
              It was consummate generalship that
drove McClellan from his fortifications.  He had
constructed them most elaborately & with
great labor, but Genl Lee turned his right
flank & forced him away from them all.
               I will write you as often as
I can.  For the present I must tell you
good-bye.  I unite my prayers with yours
that we may both be preserved, and
sustained by our Heavenly Father.
Kiss the children for me.  Love to Mrs Riddle.  Remember
me kindly to the servants– I embrace you & kiss you
over and over again, my darling wife–Yr affec. husband–
                                   John T. Thornton

John Thruston Thornton, University of Virginia alumnus, lawyer, member of the Virginia Convention of 1861 and Captain, Co. K,  3rd Virginia Cavalry

MSS 4021

   

1862 July 4 Chapel Hill, N.C.

[from the diary of Eliza Oswald Hill,  refugee from Wilmington, N.C.]

Friday 4th  I have just heard of the death of Willie Wooster & Duncan
Moore–Two more of our finest young men have fallen in battle
Oh their poor mothers, how sincerely do I feel for them–Gladly would
I go to Mrs Wooster–& mingle my tears with hers if I could do nothing
more Show her that I sincerely grieved with her–& felt her affliction
But that painful pleasure being denied me–I can but pray that
God will support & comfort her now in this her great affliction & give
her grace to bear up under it–Eliza received a letter from Mr
Mason this morning–saying he was too weak to start for Chapel
Hill yet–But he would go into the country for a few days & then come up
here–He said Tom was safe so far–He had to remain with his wagon & was
not in the fight–I thank God for this great goodness in saving my child–
Cousin Sally London has been sitting with me this morning — She is
more cast down than I ever saw her before–She is grieving for the
dead & sympathizing with the living–She tells me Colonel Mears is amongst
the killed & William DeRossett missing–What will become of Kate
Mears I know not—She went almost crazy when her son got drowned–
& now to lose her husband will nearly kill her–How severely Gods
hand has been laid upon the DeRossett n the last few years–A family
who enjoyed uninterrupted happiness for 20 years & more–& who have
raised a family of 10 or 12 children–In the last twelve months they have
lost 5 out of their circle–domestic circle–Mrs Willie DeRossett–Kates
largest son–Captain DeRossets little daughter–Dr DeRossetts son
a lad of 18–Edward–& now Colonel Mears. The sun has come out
brightly again–& it is cool & chilly–A young man from Richmond
says the fighting is still going on=Oh that we may rout the enemy
effectually–It is reported that Burnsides has reinforced McClennan
& we have had reinforcements too–May God bless our arms
& give our people strength of mind and body to do all that is right
successfully–The Selden family have just left Chapel Hill.  I
regret not getting acquainted with them–As all that know them
speak highly of them–& they are amongst the first people in Virginia

MSS 6960







1862 July 4 Alexandria, Va.

Alexandria Va July 4th 1862

My darling
    Hundreds of miles intervene
between us this morning, my love, when
if our feelings were consulted, we would
much prefer being much nearer each other.
Is it not so Addie?  I tried in vain  to
obtain a leave of absence for a few days: It
was of no use, the Secy. of War issued an
order prohibiting furlough,s and his order is
law.  The motto “Law and Order,” is changed
and now reads “Orders are Laws.”
   I received your letter of the 24th Past yesterday
and right glad was I too, and now I am going
to write you a good long letter in reply, and now
we have a chance.  I am going to make up past

[page 2]
deficiencies and write very often to my love
Addie.  Now to commence I will scan over your
letter and make the answer then half finish in
my own odd way.  Does it not do me as much
good to receive letters from you as you from me?
Of course it does my love and I write as often as
circumstances will permit and trust circumstances
will be more favorable then heretofore.  Now I
[?] scolding in a scientific manner, having
been inured to it in “childhood days ” but when
it comes from my youth Addie I confess that I
feel pained, but think perhaps I deserve it and
would like to “kiss the hand which give the bow.”
  My darling, I fear you suffer too much on ac-
count of Hallie and myself.  I know it is a “cross”
to calmly say “God’s will be done,” but do not forget
that he holds the destinies of Nations in his hands
and that amid the multiplicity of national
difficulties, over which He presides, not even a
sparrow falls to the ground unnoticed.  And
will he pass by unanswered, the prayers of his
children?  No, my love.  I have a definite [pre
monition?] —at least, so it seems to me–that

[page 3]
that your prayers shall be answered. Be 
strong, my darling, “as your faith is so shall
it be given you.”  Is not this a golden assurance.
     You ask of Edwin Williams.  He is no more.
He died of Fever, several weeks since, and before
the engagement at [?]
      You ask why Catholics will not permit their
children to read the Bible and still acknowledge the
supremacy of God. They would not be so averse
to it could they be assured that our and their
bibles are alike, but they are not.  A vast differ
ence exists between the Vulgate or Latin bible (Catholic)
and the Martin Luther translation known and
reverenced as the bible.  The aversion to Lutheran
principles is equally as strong as the antipathy to
Luther himself.  In fact the reformation of Martin L.
was the vital deathblow to “Roman” — or as I call it,
perverted–Catholicism, and the defenders of the
mitred pope will know that the dissemination 
of Christian principles as expounded by the great
reformers, would quickly crush the papal power,
hence, their aversion is attributed to ignorance, and
false teaching of the priests.  Am I not a learned man?


[page 4]
Now I am going to finish in my own style not
in the spread eagle, Bunker Hill, 4th of July ’76 style.
not in a learned disquisition upon the signs of the
times, nor in the humdrum style of an essayist.
  To be sure we must  revive the scenes of olden
times on hearing national salutes fired and “Dec. of I.”
read and it is pleasant to recall the happy days
of yore.  But amid all the pleasures derived from
the celebration of our natal day, there is the sad pain
at heart arising from the fact that just now, the
green earth in many places is saturated with
the blood of thousands who have fallen in defence
of the independence we this day celebrate.  Thousands
have died that our national integrity, our glorious
institutions, and our once happy  Union might be
preserved intact.  As we pray for the speedy
restoration let fitting honor be paid to those who
fell in the noble and heroic act.  Requiescat in pace.
 The guns of thirty forts on Arlington Heights have
thundered their honors to the republic this day and as I
sit here, and view the 2’s and 84’s of Fort Lyon,
Ellsworth and Worth, I think they are impatient to
be used in the holy cause of suppression of this unholy rebellion


remainder of letter from Charles Tenney of the 7th Ohio to Adelaide Case missing.


MSS 11616














1862 July 4 Fredericksburg,Va.

[from the diary of Dr. Brodie Strachan Herndon]

                                    4th Day
celebrated by Yankees, tho they
have not much heart for hilarity
Every body engrossed with the great
battles and anxious for loved ones in
them.  Mother & I spend evening
at Charles’.  He & Lucy take their
fate (loss of servants) very patiently.

MSS 2563-b

1862 July 4 Staunton, Va.

[from the diary of Joseph Addison Waddell,  civilian employee of the Quartermaster Dept.]

Friday morning, July 4, 1862.
There is little to say in reference to the great 
battle below Richmond. The papers disagree as 
to the result Tuesday night. It seems that the 
telegraphic reports greatly exaggerated the num-
ber of prisoners taken, and probably our suc-
cesses generally. I cannot receive as true 
any reports coming in that way. A dispatch 
last evening stated that the enemy had made “
final stand” at Turkey Island, when they were 
defeated with great slaughter and the loss 
of all their artillery. This needs confirm-
ation. I am only certain of this, that the 
enemy have been repulsed, losing several 
thousand men in killed, wounded and prisoners, 
 and some cannon +c; and that our loss is 
also heavy.
[transcript by the Valley of the Shadow project]
MSS 38-258

1862 July 4 Lynchburg, Va.

[from the diary of William M. Blackford, bank officer and former diplomat, with five sons in the confederate Army]

Friday 4.   American Independence!  How
strange that in 86 years we should
have separated.  The Yankees of course
will continue to celebrate the day
I hope we shall also.  We are now sus-
taining the very principles which
the Declaration of Independence annou
-ced and they are violating the spirit
of that instrument daily.  There
was no public manifestation–here
nearly all the stores & places of busi-
-ness, including the Bank, were closed.
I went at 11 to the 1t Presbyterian church
where was held a prayer meeting.
Mr. Ramsey & Dr. Thompson led the
exercises. The latter made a good
address but that it was too long
Mosby & Goggin= were called on
[?]—I wanted rest–but
had to do a good deal of writing
–in the evening went to Mr K’s lec
-ture which was quite appropriate
nothing very decided from the
army–Dispatch from Lanty
Amelia C H. “saying no Lynch
burger was hurt”  the meaning
of which we understood when we
heard that there had been a collision
of the trains by which 5 persons were
killed.

MSS 4763

1862 July 4 Harrison’s Landing, Va.

[from the diary of Jonathan B. Hager of the 14th U.S. Regulars as copied and annotated by him at a later date]

July 4  The anniversary of our Independence.  Here we are
           An Army of Americans, beaten, dispirited and
          almost demoralized. Beaten by Americans, brothers!
          Language cannot do justice to so terrible a ca-
          lamity–as this Civil War which has burst with
          such intense fury upon our once happy land–The
          God of justice to home Vengeance belongeth will
          make the right to conquer & will visit the sins of
          the fathers upon the children to seventh genera-
          tions of those who have been instrumental in
          producing this unhappy condition of affairs——.
             A salute in honor of the day was fired from
          several of our batteries & with this exception the
          Day passed quietly by.

MSS 9044