1862 April 29 Lynchburg, Va.

[from the diary of William M. Blackford of Lynchburg, Va, former diplomat, bank officer and editor, with five sons in the Confederate Army]

Tuesday  29  clear and pleasant and
most genial.  very busy in Bank, and
much engaged otherwise–news from
N.O. better  city not surrendered
altogether the affair is painfully
[?] and very disgraceful–
Fort Mason has also surrendered. This
will cut off our communication with
the south on the Atlantic line
disasters crowd upon us–but
we must take courage.  Went in
the afternoon to see Jane Kean who
came last night.  I could scarcely
believe it possible that she had
been gone a whole year.  She
looks well & her children have
grown much.  Called on Mrs Stuart
who is now boarding at Mr Merri
-weather’s–Her little boy is quite sick
She had heard nothing lately from
the general.  Hugh McGuire, a son
of my old school mate, Dr. H H
McGuire, of Winchester, and a
member of the Stockbridge Artil
-lery called to see me–and after
wards spent the evening with
us.  Sent by him an Indian Rub
-ber blanket to Laney.  Little Landon
continues very poorly–the Doctor
does not know what is the matter.
Peggy is improving–We have quite
a hospital.  Got Dr. Green to call
and see Dr. Berkeley at the Wash-
-ington.  He thinks him in a bad way
and prescribed for him.

MSS 38-258

MSS 4763

1862 April 29

My dear cousin Maggie

Yours as
you request shall receive
my early attention.  You will
not I hope cousin Maggie think
that I have failed at any time to appreciate your corres
pondence, if I tell you it is
more interesting now than ever.
My correspondence has grown
quite limited; confined now
to yourself, cousin Kate and
Mr.Repass, all possessing my
warmest friendship, and more
than worthy of my highest regard.
You have no idea cousin Maggie
how painful it is to be deprived of communication with home; es
pecially when the privation is
occasioned by the occupation of
our county by the Federals.
I  received a letter from home
this evening; the first I have

[page 2]
had from there for several
weeks, and the last I expect
to get for a long time.  It was
mailed at Staunton by my broth
er (Abram) who left home with some forces for
some point outside of Yankee
occupation. I expect to hear
from him in a short time.
Our county is represented
as being in a deplorable situ-
ation.  The Yankees had arrested
quite a number of persons
among them uncle Abram, but
released him after retaining
him a short time.  They were
all well at  home except sister Kate.
She has been unwell for
sometime. It is very hard
cousin Maggie to be compelled
to remain inactive, and so
far from home, under such
circumstances; but I must

[page 3]
submit with fortitude.
While we bear we conquer
fate;”  otherwise it conquers us.
I received a letter
a week ago from Mr. Repass.
His address is Williamsburg,
James City Co, Va.    He was well
when he wrote.  I am glad
your Ma has a partiality
for that dear boy; for I am
sure no one of her acquaint
ance is more deserving of
her esteem————–
Your sweethearts regi-
ment is on the Peninsula
I suppose he will share
the glories of the anticipated
battle.  You can blush, cousin
Maggie, with honest pride to
tell of his deeds of valor;
and of fame earned “near
the flashing of the guns.”

[page 4]
And you have not heard from
him for so long!  But this
does not seem strange to
me, when I consider that
he bears to you the relation
of “sweetheart.”  Who that pre-
sumes to judge of the nature
of the “tender  thought,” consid-
ersit otherwise, than incoon-
stant, vaccillating, and unreal?
Were it a requisition of that
pure feeling of the heart, the
only real approach to that
mythical passion denominated
Love–the joy of life–Friendship
that he failed to comply with,
I should then think it strange.
But never cousin Maggie need
you expect when friendship
is overshadowed by that pro-
fessed warmer passion; to find
ought else in the human
heart than inconstancy;
O, excuse me my dear cousin;
perhaps I have been presuming

[across left and top margin of page 1]
too much.  I do not correspond with your amant
Please give
my warmest
love to your
Ma & Pa and
that dear
little girl
Katie. Will
you not
write to
me soon
cousin Mag-
gie?
Good night
my dear cousin
Yours Truly
John

MSS 14953

862 April 29 Mulberry Point, Va.

Mulberry Pt  April 29th 1862

Mt dear Mary

I have just recd yours of the 26th
This is no place for Seman–I would like to have
him but he might go over to the Yanks, or be shot–
I think you all had better remain at home–I
have seen so many ruined by going away, that
I would advise all my nieghbours to remain
at home–I do not think the Yankees will harm
any of you, & Richmond will be int he greatest
state of confusion—I think the great fight will
take place on the Penla  I sent Mr. Cox an order
for some of my pay due me, & if he gets it, he will pay
you for $255—and you can have more, if required.
I have not heard from the Loudon boys–I sent
Noely a note–I sent Church a paper—And let him
have $20 as the day he came to see me Jack gave
him a frying pan  Church, Gally Thompson, Cosly
Capt Newton & the others came to see me We had a
long talk about Hanover–The Loudon boys are
near Yorktown–Tell neph I will remember
the pistol–Dr. Hillum is with me–I will send
Moslie Fent the violets & the dog knife when I find
them–Send me some more violets–and write
as often as you can–I can do without the
shirts–Love and kisses for all

Your Cal

Tell Frank to write
me & I would be
pleased to hear from
Mr  Chirstian—

Callender St. George Noland


MSS 6463

1862 April 28 White Sulphur

[from the diary of future University of Virginia Professor of Greek,  Milton W. Humphreys, of the King Artillery, as copied by him and annotated in 1893]

28.  About this time Capt Bryan, whose Company had marched with
the entire force under Gen. Heth to the White Sulphur, came to Lewisburg,
and told me that he had marching orders and would march on the
next day at 10 A.M. in the direction of Jackson’s River Depot. I
left the hospital [being discharged, ti was understood, by order of Gen. Heth at Bry-
an’s request,] I having informed the latter that the hospital authorities had decided to
retain me as a permanent nurse!] and took my knapsack on my
back and went, with great suffering with a seeming colic, to
the White Sulphur. I found my father there.  In a day or two I
took a severe case of pneumonia and was put in hospital. the
surgeon in charge insisted that I did not have pnenumonia [merely
because, when he asked me what ailed me, I replied “I have pneumonia.”
He replied, insultingly, “You have not!” and charged me with sucking a
tooth to cause the blood. His name, I think was Duke].  Of course he
refused to treat me for that disease.  Fortunately!  About this time the force marched
–not as soon as Bryan had supposed,–for Jackson’s River Depot.
I sank rapidly under my disease, and on the third day the surgeon
yielded the point that I actually had pneumonia I seemed to be be-
yond recovery.  On the 9th of May my father obtained a sick leave of
absence for me for 20 days.  Four men were detailed to carry me from the
hospital to James Carr’s [prob. Kerr’s] in the hollow up which the road to Cov-
ington turns [where afterwards the so-called battle of “Dry Creek” was fought]. But
by the time they carried me to Dry Creek Hotel, they were entirely exhausted, and
I was taken into the hotel.  I was carried on a cot, covered with a sheet after
the manner of a corpse.  So someone inquired who it was, and those carry-
ing told them, not suspecting that the inquirers thought I was dead, sev
eral persons went to the army and reported that they had seen me
carried out of the hospital dead.  –the next morning I was hauled
in a carriage on a bed to James Carr’s [Kerrs?]  The people of the neighbor-
hood were very kind to me; even young ladies not only sent me flowers
&c, but some came to the house to see me [among them I recall a
Miss B. Dixon], who also sent me a bouquet. During this period the
hospital was broken up and the sick were taken eastward.

Remarks 1893
The Sisters of Charity did great service in the hospital.  I have al-
ways believed that my recovery was due in great measure to the
care of Sister Helena.–  Before I received my sick furlough,
I grew worse, even after the inflammation had left my
lungs.  My father (who was practicing medicine in the vicinity, being
a “refugee” from his home in Sutton, Braxton Co.)  came to see me
every day.  On the day before I was removed from the hospital
my turn for the better took place suddenly (how need not be described)
in his presence.  The surgeon also was standing by, and they
both predicted rapid convalescence.  (The surgeon now was
Dr. Granvill? Wood?, Dr. Duke[?] having gone elsewhere).  My fur-
lough was granted because the removal of the army, and
the approach of the enemy rendered it necessary to get
all the sick, as far as possible,  out of the way.

My father came to see me at once when I took sick, and insisted and
at last demanded that I should be treated for Pneumonia. My uncle, Wm
Hefner, was commandant of the Post, and told my father that he would have
me removed from Duke’s (?) control if he refused further to treat me
for Pneumonia.  Duke then put a very large, strong mustard plaster 
on me and it was left four times as long as “was intended.”  I
was burned nearly to death.  The nurse was not discharged or in any way
punished.  There is no doubt the pusillanimous doctor caused this to
be done.  He caused the nurse (Saunders) to slap me in the face to cure delirium.

MSS 1578

1862 April 29 Lynchburg, Va.

My dear Launcelot,
I was much pleased to meet
with Mr McGuire, not only as an son of an old friend
& school mate, but as one just from your camp
and who could give us all the news about you,\.
I invited  him to dine with us today, but he decli
ned but has promised to spend the evening with
us.  Your letters written on Sunday 20 and on thurs
day 24 came to hand–Nos. 5 & 6–I think–There seems
no number missing — We got one yesterday, of 24
from Eugene–He is in command of Batallion in
the curtain of redoubt no 4 just adjoining the
lines near Yorktown.  He is exposed day and night
to the fire of the enemy and endures great pri
-vations without a murmur.  He has lost or mis
laid his baggage & has not changed his clothes
for a month–I trust in some of the reorganiza
tion he will be made a field officer,  You have
doubtless ere t his seen Charles & learned that he
has been unanimously re-elected.  He writes in
a sad spirit, however.  The death of his little boy
affected him very deeply–the remains of the chil
-dren were brought over and this day week
[page 2]
I superintended their re-interment in the lot
which Charles bought in the Greenwood  Spring hill
cemetery.  He has had a tent[?] monument erected
over them and will spend a good deal in orna
menting the lot, which is large enough for all the
family–I have heard nothing from Wm It is
nore than probable he will not be, or has not
been, re-elected. His Colonel we learn was not.
I think the holding election at this time very
prejudicial to the service–though I venture to
say, generally speaking, there has been improvement
in the officers, though some excellent ones may
have been appoint defeated–We took to our house Easter
day L. Rich. H. Lee, of 2d Regt., who was woun
ded severely at Kernstown–a very intelligent person
& interesting man–brother of the late Revd Sm
F. Lee of our church.  He has with him a nice young
fellow named Howell–You can tell Col. Botts
who is a friend of his that he is in our charge.
There are now some fifteen hundred sick here. a
vast number came on before the requisite
preparations were made and there was
much suffering in consequence–&  then too
the weather was horrible to remove patients
in–Dr. James McGuire is here and Dr. Magruder
of Woodstock.  Sue has seven boarders and
gets on very well indeed.  The necessary at
tention keeps her from brooding over her
loss–She does not suffer any how as Charles does
[page 3]
The news from N. Orleans is stunning.  I dont
comprehend it–and am sure there is mistakes
in some of the details.  It is not a fatal blow
to the cause but must be attended with the
most serious consequences–then too here is the
fall of Fort Macon just announced this morg.
We want now a soundly decisive and great
victory–We cannot achieve such on the Penin
-sula when events will yet be [?] in
[?]  Now that Ewell has joined Jackson
I trust [?] he will pitch out Banks and fight
him whenever he can–If he can be drawn
out of the Valley it would do much to restore
our fallen fortunes–Bev Rudd is to be mar
-ried tomorrow night in church, and to spend
four days here & then go south–she is a very
silly young woman. Most of our friends in
Fredericksburg stand their ground and ve
wisely I think.  On the 24 the enemy had
not yet crossed the river and would not
do so until the bridge was repaired and Dr.
Herndon says he saw no signs of preparation
If they attempt to march to Richd they will
be whipped. I send you by Mr McGuire
a real India – rubber blanket which Grantham
procured in Richd by good luck–Mrs. Kean
has returned & will stay here  a while.  Garlick
[page 4]
is chief clerk of War office–Salary 3000.  He
is very hard worker.  We had a large Congregation
Sunday and it seemed to me more than half were
strangers.  We have perhaps 30 refugee communicants
with two exceptions all the families which have
come here are Episcopal.  We have some very
interesting additions to our society. Mrs. Gen Stuart
is here and a very nice person she is–Your
Uncle Thomas has two Doctors & their wif wives
boarding with them.  Ben has a hospital at
Liberty–Dr. Green, formerly  [?] is at the
head of the hospitals here–He is a brother of Dr.
Green of Richd.  I have suffered much from
my eyes & still have a bad cold, which
will not leave me until the weather gets [?]
[?]  I have written this in great haste &
with an aching wrist & doubt whether you can
read it–I suppose your mother will write
something.  We dont know where to direct to
you.  I must now close. God bless you
Affectionately yours
Wm M. Blackford
MSS  4763

1862 April 28 Camp near Conrad Store, Swift Run Gap, Va.

Camp near Conrad Store
Apl 28, 1862

Dear Charlie
Your letter was
received a few days ago, and
would have answered it sooner but
for the fact of having to move
so often
I went to see Dr. Coleman
as you requested and stated
the facts to him but he
thought it was not necessary
for you to have and a
furlough, I am sorry I could
not succeed in procuring you
one, did my best to get it.
We had a reorganisation of
the Regt not long since Lt col
I was made Col. Capt C
Lt Col and Capt Moseley

[page 2]
Major, we elected Ajutant
Morgan our Capt, Granville
Gray 1st, G. W. Peterkin 2nd
& E. G.. Rawlings 3rd Lieuts
Sergt Rawlings went home abut
2 weeks ago on furlough, so
we have only four in our
mess  George still remains
with us and will continue
to do so,  We are now
encamped at Swift Gap, at
the foot of the Mt, and it
reminds me somewhat of our
last Summers campaign as
we are entirely surrounded by
Mts.  nothing new, skirmishing
going on at our outpost
nearly all the timek would
not be surprised to see Old

[page 3]
Jack make another advance
all are well and Mess send
their best respects.  If I
can do anything for you here
just let me know,  Have
not been able to send your
knapsack yet no communication
from this place to Rail Road
Hoping to hear of your
recovery soon

I remain
Yours Respectfully
John H. Worsham

Worsham, Co. F of the 21st Virginia Infantry appears to be joking about his election as Colonel. After the war he published his memoirs “One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry.”

MSS 3091

1862 April 28 Camp No 3 10 Miles South of Raleigh

Apr 28th / 62

Camp No 3  10 Miles South
of Raleigh

Dear Father I wrote
to you Saturday evening
Apr 19th  We left that camp
on the following Thursday
being hindered until
that time by rains.
We marched about
5 miles and camped on
one of Floyds old camping
places.  Soon after pitching
our Tents it commenced
to rain again and
continued to rain all
the next day
Thursday morning Alex
arrived in camp I was
very well satisfied to
receive the shirts
although t I wrote to

[page 2]
you not to send them
I have since concluded
that shirts with
Long Tails are better
than short ones.
the ones that Mother
sent are just right
Alex brought me
a compass although
not the exact kind
I wanted it will
answer very well
The Change was also
very acceptable
Since receiving it
one of the boys offered
me 50 cts to change a 5 dol
bill.  Saturday morning
we again marched
5 miles further to this
place.  We have a very
pleasant camping place
again occupy one of Floyds

[page 3]
former camps do not
know how long we
will remain here
probably several days
at least until after
we muster which
wil be on the day
after tomorrow
The camp is a quite
pleasant one and
there is some good
country around it.
is however thinly
settled
In your letter you
did not tell me
whether Alex gave
you the money or
not. Do you yet have
a hired hand at work?
how does Tom & Eli get
along?  where are you
building fence

[page 4]
You remember I
told you we had
a Contraband at work
for us  he took sick and
died very sudenly–on
Tuesday last We did
all we could for him
he was only sick two
days  The doctor pronounced
his disease Inflimation of
the stomache
he was a fine fellow
and we miss him very
much

I will write again
soon
write soon may mother
write and have the
boys write
Yours Truly
J. D. Templeton
P.S.  Has Mary Anns Foot got
well & how many pet Lambs has she
got?

James Dinsmore Templeton, musician and private in the 23rd Ohio


MSS 10317

1862 April 28 Richmond, Va.

Dear Phil  [Phillip Barraud Cabell]

Your letter has
just reached me in time to answer
by the boat which will leave almost
immediately–I wish I could go
up this evening to  your house but
am an present in such a peck of
trouble about an embarrassment
thrown our way by  his conscript-
tion bill, it takes away a consider-
able number of our members
who were re-enlisting men and
just as we were filled up with
a fine set of men we are thrown
back dreadfully; we shall have to
use a great deal of energy and
management to avoid being quite
ruined entirely—I will take your
horse, that is if you don’t think she’s
worth too much; a horse tough and
thrifty is what I need for the service and

[page 2]
I feel particularly obliged to you for
offering me one of your horses, after
seeing how horses suffer int he service
I don’t think one ought to get a fine
horse for the army–Please let me get
a line from you stating his price
and whether I shall send you a cheque
or deposit the amount to your account
in bank,  I’ll forward the letter
and message to Richard, and hope
he may get them but mail com-
munication is almost at an end
between here and Yorktown.  Since
I wrote we have been wretched about
the dear little baby who for 3 days
was nearly as ill as she could be with
bronchitis and catarrhal fever but
I think she is now slowly convalescing
thank Heaven  Her illness was very
sudden and violent.  Give my best
love to Miss Pink  I hope Jennie
may be able to take the baby with
her to see you all even if I should
be prevented from having that pleasure
In great haste as ever
Yours affectionately
A.Q. Holladay

Jennie would send love if
she knew I was writing.

Alexander Q. Holladay Lieutenant Co.. B, 12th Battalion Virginia Light Artillery

MSS 38-111

1862 April 18 Staunton, Va.

[from the diary of Joseph A. Waddell, former editor and owner of the Staunton Spectator]

Monday night, April 28, 1862.

Another bright and beautiful spring day, but the com-
munity very much depressed again. This morning we
heard that New Orleans had certainly been taken by the ene-
my. The last report, by telegraph, is, that the fate of the 
city is undecided or uncertain. Woodson, of Harrisonburg, 
 came up this evening. He reports that 5000 or more Fed-
eral troops are at that place, helping themselves to whatever 
they want — horses, provisions +c. Conflicting reports as to 
Jackson’s and Ewell’s movements. Nothing new as to John-
son’s command. Seven prisoners taken near Williams-
ville, (as I mentioned last night) were brought in the even-
ing, and put in jail. The officer in charge of them addressed 
them with more sternness than I should have done. I could 
not treat a fallen foe with harshness. Two more prisoners 
were left at the Rockbridge Alum, wounded. Those I saw 
looked rather sickly and forlorn, and excited a feeling of 
pity, enemies as they are. William McClung, of Highland, 
was arrested to- day, because he came through with a pass 
from a Federal Officer, which stated that he had taken
the oath of allegiance. His business was to take back cattle 
which belong to him. He did not take the oath of allegiance.

[transcription by the Valley of the Shadow project]

MSS 38-258